Germany conducts first gassing experiments

FDR gives Four Freedoms speech

Edith Frank, Anne Frank's mother, dies, age 44

All identification cards of Jews in Norway ordered to be stamped with "J"

Miep Gies, who preserved Anne Frank's diary, dies, age 100

Allies Issue Punishment for War Crimes Declaration

Odd Nansen arrested, sent to Grini Prison

The Casablanca Conference begins

Tom Buergenthal's father, Mundek Buergenthal, dies in Ohrdruf-Nord camp, age 43

Hitler enters his underground bunker for the final time

Thomas Buergenthal starts Auschwitz Death March

Warsaw falls to the Soviets

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins.

Budapest is recaptured by Soviet forces.

Wannsee Conference to coordinate "the Final Solution to the Jewish problem"

George Orwell dies, age 46

Winston Churchill dies, age 90

Auschwitz liberated

U.S. Eighth Air Force bombers attack Germany for the first time

The German siege of Leningrad ends after 872 days

Tom Buergenthal arrives in Sachsenhausen.

Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany

Field Marshall Friedrich Paulus surrenders at Stalingrad, marking the turn of the tide in WWII

German 6th Army surrenders at Stalingrad