Germany conducts first gassing experiments

FDR gives Four Freedoms speech

Edith Frank, Anne Frank's mother, dies, age 44

All identification cards of Jews in Norway ordered to be stamped with "J"

Ilse Weber is born.

Miep Gies, who preserved Anne Frank's diary, dies, age 100

Soviet Winter Offensive begins along the entire Eastern Front.

Allies Issue Punishment for War Crimes Declaration

Odd Nansen arrested, sent to Grini Prison

American forces relieve Bastogne.

The Casablanca Conference begins

Tom Buergenthal's father, Mundek Buergenthal, dies in Ohrdruf-Nord camp, age 43

Hitler enters his underground bunker for the final time

Thomas Buergenthal starts Auschwitz Death March

Warsaw falls to the Soviets

Budapest is recaptured by Soviet forces.

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins.

Wannsee Conference to coordinate "the Final Solution to the Jewish problem"

George Orwell dies, age 46

Winston Churchill dies, age 90

U.S. Eighth Air Force bombers attack Germany for the first time

Auschwitz liberated

The German siege of Leningrad ends after 872 days

Tom Buergenthal arrives in Sachsenhausen.

Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany

Field Marshall Friedrich Paulus surrenders at Stalingrad, marking the turn of the tide in WWII

Japanese troops begin their withdrawal from Guadalcanal.

Vidkun Quisling, a collaborator with the German occupiers of Norway, is appointed Minister-President